Fragments Of C,C++ & Java (For Successful Coding)

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                                              Basic Terms in C...

1.Tokens

The smallest unit of  C program is known as tokens. The basic component of a source code or the Building pieces of a source code through which a program is completed to its achievement.

Example- variables, keywords,Identifiers,operators, Special Characters.
       
    I'll be defining each Token to make its importance and use clear.

2.Identifiers.

Identifiers as thee name suggest are used to identify a programs function, variables, arrays e.t.c created by you. These are the unique names you give to the member variables, member methods and other components of a C program.
           
 Naming rules for an Identifier:-
  • It should not start with a digit (0-9)
  • First character can be a Upper Case( Capital) Character or Lower Case(Small) Character.
  • C is Case Sensitive and hence Upper Case character and Lower Case Character is treated differently.  (AMAN and aman are treated diffrently in C).
  • Special characters are not allowed for naming a variable / identifier except Underscore(_).
  • Keywords cannot be used as Identifier.
Examples:- prince12 , Prince12 , Shubham_Prince ,

3.Keywords :

Keywords are the reserved words which C compilers already know and conveys special meaning to it. 
Whose meaning has already been explained to the compiler. That means at the time of designing a language, some words are reserved to do  specific tasks. Such words are called as keywords or reserved words. 
 C  support 32 keywords.
Example:- new, int, float, double, char, break,continue e.t.c. 

4.Constants :

They do have similar properties like Variables in C except that the values related to these variables do not change during the execution of a program.
They are also known as Literals.

TYPES OF CONSTANT
  • Integer constants        (1,2,3,90, any value except decimal value)
  • Real or Floating point constants             (14.8,40.7, any value with decimal)
  • Octal & Hexadecimal constants              (x0H4, 135 )
  • Character constants    ('a', 'b' , any single digit or character enclosed in single quotes) 
  • String constants("gu52" , any combination of characters and digit in double quotes)
  • Backslash character constants  (\t ,\b, : Escape Sequence Or Wild Characters)



We can define constants in a C program in the following ways.



By “const” keyword
By “#define” preprocessor directive


5.Operators:

Operator  is a symbol which performs particular operation. C supports a rich set of operators. 
Operators work on Operands. 

TYPES OF OPERATORS:-
  • Arithmetic operators 
  • Assignment operators
  • Relational operators
  • Logical operators
  • Bit wise operators
  • Conditional operators (ternary operators)
  • Increment/decrement operators
  • Special operators

Special characters:

All characters other than alphabets and digits  are treated as special characters.
Eg:   * , % , $ , {  ,etc.

..
Hope you'll be able to understand the following Tokens which is required to create a C program. 
It might not be an elaborated format but you can request me using my mail id.
Regards.


Smiling and don't forget to contact me for further assistance. Your Friendly Coder. SPrince

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